Timeline
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c. 1300 |
Semi-sedentary farmers and hunter-gatherers gradually settle the Great Plains region of what is now the United States. |
1786 |
Under U.S. Secretary of War, assimilation of Indian Nations becomes first major U.S. policy. |
1839 |
Removal from European-American settlement areas becomes second major U.S. policy toward Indians. |
c. 1846 |
Kicking Bear born. |
1848-49 |
Gold discovered in California. Gold Rush disrupts life of Great Plains Indians. |
1849-50 |
Third major U.S. policy: Indian reservations. |
1853-56 |
Through 52 treaties (all of which are eventually broken), U.S. acquires 174 million acres of Indian lands. |
1868 |
Indians are denied right to vote as result of 14th Amendment. |
1874 |
Gold discovered in the Black Hills of South Dakota. |
1876-77 |
The War for the Black Hills; Battle of Little Big Horn. |
1890 |
Ghost Dance religious movement gains momentum among Plains Indians. |
c. 1898 |
Battle of Little Big Horn is painted. |
1904 |
Kicking Bear dies near Manderson, South Dakota. |
1924 |
U.S. Citizenship Act declares all Indians born in the U.S. to be citizens. |
1927-43 |
U.S. federal government sponsors carving of presidents on Mount Rushmore in Black Hills of South Dakota. |
1952 |
Voluntary Relocation Program established. |
1968 |
American Indian Movement (AIM) founded. |
1973 |
Lakota and AIM occupy Wounded Knee massacre site, demanding review of all Indian treaties. |
1978 |
U.S. Indian Education Act empowers Indian school boards. U.S. Indian Freedom of Religion Act protects sacred lands. |